TUGAS READING 1

TITLE OF DISCUSSION TEXT: NATIONAL EXAM IN PROS AND CONS

1.THE PURPOSE OF THE TEXT IS TO PRESENT INFORMATION AND OPINIONS ABOUT NATIONAL EXAMS ISSUE

2.GENERIC STRUCTURE

ISSUE:

National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions. Though the Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by the go-vernment on the organization of the national exams, the controversy over whether it is necessary to maintain the national exams (UN) has continued. Some debates include the primary questions such as; does the quality of Indonesia education depend on the national exam?, will the quality of the Indonesian education system worsen without natipnal exam?

ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST:

People, who support the national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesia education system will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current system.
However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who against this national exam kept in our high school education say that it doesn't need the national exams because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.

CONCLUSION:

In fact, the national examination can still be useful as an instrument to evaluate or detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several subjects, on a national scale.

3.LANGUAGE FEATURES:

a.Using simple present tenses:exams,debates,questions

b.Using relating verb/to be:is

c.Using conjunction:or

4.WH QUESTIONS:

• What is the topic about?

Answer:the topic about controversy of national exams

• What is the reason who agree with national exams explain that the quality of the Indonesia education system will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current system.
  
  
• Why did the people disagree with national exams?

Answer:the people disagree with national exams because because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.

TUGAS READING

TITLE OF REPORT TEXT:FOOTBALL  PLAY

1.THE PUR[OSE OF THE TEXT:TO PRESENTS INFORMATION ABOUT FOOTBALL PLAY

2.GENERIC STRUCTURE:

GENERAL CLASIFICATION:

Football is a game played by two teams of eleven. They try to score by kicking or heading the ball into the other team’s goal. Ten of the players can not use their hands. The goal keeper can handle the ball to stop it going into the goal.

DESCRIPTION:

Games similar to football have been played for many centuries. The rules of the games were written down in 1863. In England, the FA ( Football Association ) cup was first played for in 1872. In the same year, England played Scotland in the first game.
Today the most important International Competition is the World Cup which takes place in every four years. Brazil and Italy have each won the world cup three times.

3.LANGUAGE FEATURES:

a.Using simple present tenses:teams,players,rules

4.WH QUESTIONS:

·        What is football?

Answer: Football is a game played by two teams of eleven. They try to score by kicking or heading the ball into the other team’s goal. Ten of the players can not use their hands.

·        Where did football play first in 1872?

Answer: In England, the FA ( Football Association ) cup was first played for in 1872

·        Who is the winner of world cup three times?

            Answer: Brazil and Italy have each won the world cup three times.

Reading Comprehension

1.Previewing

  Research shows that it is easier to understand what you are reading if you begin with a general idea what the passage is about. Previewing helps you form a general idea of the topic in your mind.

  To preview, read the title, if there is one; the first sentence of each paragraph; and the last sentence of the passage. You should do this as quickly as possible. Remember, you are not reading for specific information, but for an impression of the topic.

1.Reading for Main Ideas

  By previewing, you can form a general idea of what a reading passage is about; that is, you identify the topic. By reading for main ideas, you identify the point of view of the author—that is, what the writer’s thesis is. Specifically, what does the author propose to write about the topic? If you could reduce the reading to one sentence, what would it be?

  Questions about the main idea can be worded in many ways. For example, the following questions are all asking for the same information: (1) What is the main idea? (2) What is the subject? (3) What is the topic? (4) What would be a good title?

1.Using Contexts for Vocabulary

  Before you can use a context, you must understand what context is. In English, a context is the combination of vocabulary and grammar that surround a word. Context can be a sentence or a paragraph or a passage. Context helps you make a general prediction about meaning. If you know the general meaning of a sentence, you also know the general meaning of the words in the sentence.

  Making predictions from the contexts is very important when you are reading a foreign language. In this way, you can read and understand the meaning of a passage without stopping to look up every new word in a dictionary. On an examination like the TOEFL, dictionaries are not permitted in the room. 

1.Scanning for details

  After reading a passage, you will be expected to answer multiple-choice questions. First, read a question and find important content words. Content words are usually nouns, verbs, or adjectives. They are called content words because they contain the content or meaning of a sentence.

  Next, let you eyes travel quickly over the passage for the same content words or synonyms of the words. This is called scanning. By scanning, you can find a place in the reading passage where the answer to a question is  found. Finally, read those specific sentences carefully and choose the answer that corresponds to the meaning of the sentences you have read. 

1.Making Inferences

  Sometimes, in a reading passage, you will find a direct statement of fact. That is called evidence. But other times, you will not find a direct statement. Then you will need to use the evidence you have to make an inference. An inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. It can be about the passage itself or about the author’s viewpoint.

1.Identifying Exceptions

  After reading a passage you will be asked to select from four possible answers the one that is NOT mentioned in the reading.

  Use your scanning skills to locate related words and phrases in the passage and the answer choices.

1.Locating References

  After reading a passage, you will be asked to find the antecedent of a pronoun. An antecedent is a word or phrase to which a pronoun refers. Usually, you will be given a pronoun such as “it”, “its”, “them”, or “their”, and you will be asked to locate the reference word or phrase in the passage.

  First, find the pronoun in the passage. Then read the sentence using the four answer choices in place of the pronoun. The meaning of the sentence in the context of the passage will not change when you substitute the correct antecedent.

1.Referring to the Passage

  After reading the passage you will be asked to find certain information in the passage, and identify it by line number.

  First, read the question. Then refer to the line numbers in the answer choices to scan for the information in the question.